The general availability of .MADRID, the geographical extension of Madrid, the capital city of Spain is near. Managed by the Comunidad de Madrid registry, this extension was launched last April following the calendar below:
Launching schedule
APL
period (Approved Launch Program): from 11/04/2019 to 06/06/2019
Sunrise
and LRP (Limited Registration Period) period: from 16/07/2019 to 10/12/2019
General availability: from
17/12/2019
Some requirements must be respected to register a .MADRID domain name. A .MADRID name’s registration is reserved to individuals or legal entities possessing a link with the Madrid Community:
Local
presence;
Professional,
personal, cultural or commercial activity in the Madrid Community;
Direct
or indirect link with the Madrid Community.
The date of the general availability planned for December 17 2019, is approaching, if you wish more information on your .MADRID registration, don’t hesitate to contact your Nameshield’s consultant.
During the first half of November, the 66th ICANN Summit was held in Montreal, Canada. This third and final annual summit devoted to policies applicable to Internet naming was eagerly awaited as the topics under discussion are numerous. At its closing, however, it left many participants a little bit disappointed.
A preview of the topics and postures during the weekend before the official launch of the Summit
The weekend
before the official opening of the Summit is usually an opportunity to get an
overview of the topics and postures involved. Not surprisingly, the expedited
Policy Development Process (ePDP) which aims to develop a consensus rule to
specify future conditions of access to personal data that are no longer
published in the WHOIS, the domain name search directory, due to GDPR, is one
of the major topics.
Among other
related topics, the replacement of the same WHOIS by the RDAP (Registration
Data Access Protocol) probably next year for generic domain names. This
replacement is not insignificant when we know that WHOIS has been in use for
nearly 35 years.
The body
representing governments, the GAC, has weighed up the issue of domain name abuse,
which has taken off considerably on the new generic extensions launched in
2012. When we know the rise of Internet practices aimed at weighing on
elections in certain countries and the economic impact of computer attacks and
hacking, we understand that this subject is being pushed by the GAC. While one
of ICANN’s topics is to clarify in their texts the notion of malicious uses, this
term refers to domains registered for phishing, malware, botnets and spam, the
other part concerns the means to stem them. The existence of abusive domains indeed
threatens the DNS infrastructure, impacts consumer safety and threatens the
critical assets of public and commercial entities. Finally, and not
surprisingly, the subject of a future round of new generic extensions has also
been on many lips.
Cherine Chalaby at the ICANN Summit held in Montreal
“The best ICANN summit”, really?
During the traditional opening ceremony, which brings together all the guests for one hour (2500 according to Goran Marby, ICANN CEO) in a huge room to listen to various speakers, including Martin Aubé of the Quebec Government’s Ministry of Economy and Innovation, Cherine Chalaby, one of the ICANN Board members whose term ends at the end of the year, told his audience that ICANN66 would be the “Best ICANN summit”. It must be said, however, that at the end of the week of debates and meetings, which followed one another at a sustained pace, while the subjects under discussion are really numerous, the feeling regarding this assertion was more than mixed for many participants.
First, the
expeditious process for access to WHOIS non-public data is progressing with a
framework constrained by ICANN and the Personal Data Protection Authorities.
The outcome of this process is envisaged between April and June 2020 and it is
currently a centralized model where ICANN would allow the future lifting of
anonymity of data that are now masked due to GDPR which holds the line.
Then the subject that was probably
most often mentioned during this new summit week concerned abuses with domain
names. For ICANN, the subject is central because it is directly correlated to its
totem: the stability of the Internet for which they are the responsible. Since
February 2019, ICANN has been publishing some metrics on malicious practices
identified through DAAR, their Domain Abuse Activity Reporting.
Their latest report presented in
Montreal shows that 364 extensions (mainly new generic extensions from the 2012
round) revealed at least one threat posed by one of the domain names activated
on these extensions. More worryingly, new generic extensions would still account
for nearly 40% of malicious uses, compared to 60% for historical generic
extensions. This figure should be highlighted with the volume of these two
categories of extensions. Indeed, out of just over 200 million generic names,
new generic domains represent only 15% of the total number of registered names.
ICANN therefore wants this subject to be taken up by the entire community
present in Montreal.
Proposals were made by the various bodies present, some of which went so far as to request a policy development process (PDP). This last proposal, if it were to obtain ICANN’s approval, would have the unfortunate consequence of postponing the hypothetical schedule for a next round of new extensions, a subject that interested many of the guests present in Montreal. Indeed, for ICANN, the problem of the concentration of malicious practices in the new generic extensions must be solved before any future round, so that the PDP still in progress on the review of the last round of 2012 has gone almost unnoticed.
If the rules are slow to evolve on malicious uses, your Nameshield consultant can already provide you with adapted solutions to your needs on this key matter.
Just one year ago, in the context of the first
Paris Peace Forum, the French President, Emmanuel Macron, launched the Paris
Call for trust and security in cyberspace. This call is a political
declaration aiming to express a mobilization on the stability in the cyberspace
and strengthens the efforts of the international community and many actors
involved in the digital security issues. This text reminds some principles that
we think are fundamental, like the application of the international rights and
the Human rights in the cyberspace. It also highlights the need of a multi
actors’ approach, to create standards which will allow us to fully benefit,
i.e. in a reliable and secure way, from opportunities provided by the digital
revolution.
Lastly, the Paris Call promotes the
strengthening of the digital products and services’ security that we use for
example, in our daily lives. The text aims in that sense, to prevent
cyberattacks perpetrated by malicious actors, which threaten all the users of
the cyberspace.
Aware that our Society’s development, on the
economic, cultural and democratic fronts, requires a strengthened trust of the
information that flows through the Internet, Nameshield, which has worked for
25 years to protect the digital identity of its clients; companies, local
collectivities and administrations through the use of their domain names,
wished to join this initiative and sign the Paris Call.
Its job consists in ensuring the integrity and
resilience of the identity of individuals and organizations on the Internet,
represented today by the domain name. By highly protecting data on domain name
identity cards (Whois) and by providing a high availability and high performance
service through the associated Domain Name System (DNS), Nameshield contributes
to a large extent to the second principle of the Paris Call: Protecting the Internet. To prevent activity that intentionally and
substantially damages the general availability or integrity of the public core
of the Internet.
Cornerstone of the Web, the Domain Name System (DNS) serves as the Internet directory. This protocol translates a domain name into an IP address, based on a database distributed on thousands of machines. If the DNS falls because of data corruption or a denial of service attack, all your websites and emails would become inaccessible, which is completely unthinkable nowadays! The DNS must be protected and must stay highly available.
Protocol created in the 1980’s, security flaws regarding the usual functioning of the DNS have been identified since its creation. That is why, a new secured protocol, DNSSEC, has thus been developed to ensure the authenticity of the exchanges through a certified signature. Other solutions can complete the resilience of your identity on the Internet: the registry lock, SSL certificates…
The security solutions proposed by Nameshield, an independent French company that stores its data in France and possesses its own anycast and resilient DNS infrastructure, certified ISO 27001 on all its domain names activity, are compliant with the ANSSI recommendations on the good practices regarding the domain names’ acquisition and exploitation.
In the context of the 2nd Paris Peace Forum, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs wished to illustrate the second principle of the Paris Call: Protect the Internet by highlighting the services proposed by Nameshield. The company is proud to be able to collaborate, at its level, with the actors implicated in digital security issues in order to make the Internet more reliable and thus contribute to the security of the cyberspace.
During a rebranding for marketing purposes, in the context of a merger or an acquisition for example, a company can change its website’s domain name.
At the search engines’ level, it is all the pages that change, as if this was a brand new website. Therefore, how not to lose the work done on the SEO and make a successful transition, in particular if the website is old?
In the case of a rather old website with an optimal referencing on the existing domain name, transferring a website on a new name can ruin the time-consuming work that is the SEO. If the decrease of the traffic from organic search is normal (and temporary), some advises can help lessen the downturn, at least during the transition period.
Copy identically your website and implement 301 redirections
The first tip is to completely keep the
website’s architecture, so that only the domain name changes in the URL.
Then, permanent redirections (301 redirections)
must be created from each pages of the former website towards the corresponding
page of the new website. Do not implement multiple redirections.
This process must be closely monitored to
ensure that each 301 redirection is effective. The search engines will know
that it’s not necessary to index the former name anymore but it’s the new one
that must be indexed now. To ensure this, it is necessary to check that none of
the former pages is accessible through the former domain name.
Have the backlinks updated
Google uses parameters linked to confidence
indicators in its algorithm, thus to trusted websites, deemed as such by the
search engine (indicators like the age of the website, the transparency of the
legal notices, the ratio links number/words number per page, the links number
pointing from other websites to this one, the extensions like .edu, .gov, the
institutional websites, media websites, etc.) Hence, it can be interesting to
quickly obtain the links from this kind of trusted websites at the time of the
migration.
Along the same lines, reviewing your backlinks
and requesting to the websites that refer to your website to update these
links, so they link towards the new name, is an advantage. Of course, if you
have many backlinks, concentrate on the more important backlinks regarding the
referencing.
Inform Google
Lastly, it’s possible to directly inform Google
of the changing through Google Search Console, the search engine will then
update its index.
Register the sitemap
By submitting a sitemap file for the new website to the search engines, you will gain time in referencing by immediately giving to the engines the pages to index.
Keep the same holder for the new domain name
Make sure that the new domain name has the same
proprietary information on its whois as the former domain name. Google may
check these data.
Be patient
Do note that on Bing you will need an average of 2 months to get your referencing back, and about 6 to 7 months on Google.
Following the launch of .APP, .PAGE, and .DEV
among others, Google (Charleston Road Registry), launches the new extension .NEW
in Sunrise period as of October 15, 2019.
Conditions for registration of a .NEW
In order to use a .NEW domain name, you will need to acquire an SSL certificate and deploy HTTPS. For reminder, the .NEW extension is included on the HSTS pre-upload list, requiring HTTPS protocol on all .NEW domain names (more details in the article “Google makes HTTPS encryption mandatory for its 45 new TLDs : .dev / .app / .how…”).
All
domains on .NEW must resolve to action generation or online creation
flows. Once resolved, the web user should be able to ‘create’ something without
any further navigation. For example, docs.new proposes a dedicated page proposing
the direct use of Google online word-processing software allowing a new
document creation page.
Any
.NEW
domain will need to be live within 100 days of registration.
If these conditions are not respected, the
registry will consider the registration as non-compliant with the registration
policy. In this case, the name will be placed on hold. The registrant will then
be notified to correct and apply these conditions, if no action is taken, the
domain will be blocked then deleted.
Launch calendar
Sunrise period: from October 15, 2019 to January 14,2020
LRP (Limited Registration Period): from January 14
to July 14, 2020
General availability:
from July 21, 2020
For more information on the conditions for registration of your .NEW, don’t hesitate to contact us.
As of October 19, 2019, internationally-based EU citizens can now register .EU or .ею domain names.
The .EU is the country code top level domain for the European Union. More than 3.6 million registrations spread out across Europe make this TLD a popular extension. Initially, this extension is only reserved to companies and individuals residing within EU and EEA member states. However in order to meet the needs of an ever-changing digital environment, EURid, the .EU registry, changes this eligibility criteria to extend it to all EU citizens living around the world.
“We are
excited to be able to extend the registration criteria to EU citizens around the
world. The .eu domain is now closer to your ambitions, achievements and dreams.
It is the bridge connecting you to your friends and family – even if you live
outside the EU. It will always show your roots, your outlook, and your cultural
values.” – Marc van Wesemael, EURid`s CEO.
For more information on the conditions for registration of your .EU, don’t hesitate to contact us.
Argentina now offers the possibility to register .AR domain names. Until now, it was only possible to register third level domain names particularly in .COM.AR.
Here are the launching periods planned:
Sunrise period – From 11/09/2019 to 09/11/2019
Priority
to holders of domain names registered in the zones .com.ar, .net.ar, .org.ar,
.int.ar, .tur.ar, before December 1st, 2015 and in effect at August
27, 2019.
At
the end of this period, if only one request is received, the user who did the
request can register the domain name by paying the corresponding tax. If many
requests are received by the registry for the same name, the holder of the name
will be decided by drawing lots.
Intermediary period – From 27/11/2019 to 27/01/2020
During this period, all the community can request the registration of domain names available in .AR.
The reserved and restricted domain names are
excluded and some domain names will likely be subjects to approval.
Reserved domains: domain names identical to names registered in ‘.gob.ar’ and ‘.mil.ar’ are exclusively reserved to these names’ holders. To note: Even a domain name reserved in one of the .AR zones can be classified as reserved by the Argentinian registry.
Restricted domains: Even a domain name reserved in one of the .AR zones can be classified as reserved by the Argentinian registry, making these names unavailable for registration.
Terms
which are subjects to approval: normal words or expressions which, if they are
part of a domain name, must be approved by the Argentinian registry. They
include names that are aggravating, discriminatory or contrary to the law, to morality
or to good customs, or that could cause confusion, deception or identity theft.
Starting 15/09/2020, domain names available can be registered in .AR by any user, depending on the conditions set by the rules of the Argentinian registry.
For reminder, the registration conditions of the .AR include the providing of supporting documents.
If your current domain names portfolio doesn’t
have COM.AR, NET.AR, etc. and you wish to register a .AR at the time of the
general availability, we advise you to anticipate and to contact your
consultant to know the detail of the documents to provide.
Essential key element to any dematerialized data flow exchange, the domain name became a strategic intangible asset of great value. Depending on the academic works, there is a real correlation between the intangible assets’ quality and the companies’ economic performance. Identifying and valuating domain names becomes necessary for the financial director. Explanations in La revue de la Société Française des Analystes Financiers – SFAF (the journal of the French Society of Financial Analysts) of Jean-Manuel Gaget, Strategy and Consulting director of Nameshield and administrator of the Institut de Comptabilité de l’Immatériel (Intangible Accounting Institute).
In the 90’s, the domain name was an accessory
element of the brand. During its world expansion, it became the principal
element of the brand, in particular in the e-commerce’s world. You only need to
look at how Amazon or Easyjet have developed their logo to consider it as a
unique communication medium.
The domain name has this unique particularity to be an intangible asset with four dimensions. It is simultaneously:
An
IT object allowing to access services on the Internet by being the link between the IP address (a suite of
numbers) of a physical object [computer, server, smartphone…] and a literal
name (role of the Domain Name Server or DNS);
A
communication tool allowing to establish its identity on the Internet and gain
a digital territory;
A
legal element through a temporary contract with an Internet Registry;
A
financial asset, accountable as an intangible asset under certain conditions.
Now an essential key element to any
dematerialized data flow exchange, be it for email sending, the access to
websites, social networks and connected objects, any data exchange on the
Internet passes by the use of a domain name and any service disruption has
important consequences on the organizations’ activity.
Why and how to rate your domain name capital?
Today, the academic works, in particular carried by the French referential of the intangible capital’s measure “Thesaurus Capital Immatériel” (Thesaurus Intangible Capital) show a real correlation between the intangible assets’ quality and the companies’ economic performance. The higher the quality of the intangible assets is (human capital, information system capital, customer capital…), the stronger, more sustainable and economically efficient in the medium and long term the company’s fundamentals are. Hence the importance to measure the intangible capital and its evolution over time.
However, as much as literature is rich
regarding methods of brands valuation, it is near non-existent regarding domain
names. That is why in 2019, the Intangible Accounting Institute wished to enrich
the Thesaurus Intangible Capital with a specific section on the rating of the
domain name capital. In the same way that clients, Human, IT, knowledge… assets
are evaluated, we searched to evaluate the domain name capital in association
with the brand capital. Because brands and domain names are now inseparable!
Accounting principles applicable to domain names
In a decision of the French Council of State of
December 7th, 2016 (ebay.fr case), it is reminded that if the use of a domain
name:
Represents
a constant source of profits;
Has
a sufficient sustainability (particularly if it can be regularly renewed);
Is
likely to be transferred;
Then it is an intangible asset of the company and must follow the associated accounting and tax rules. As such, the domain names have to be accounted either at their creation cost, at their acquisition value, or at their current value (market value) for the ones acquired free of charge. The domain names are then not to be considered as a simple IT workload, but as real assets that should be managed at fair value. As such, further attention on tax issues related to domain names’ value must be given within the context of the transfer prices.
The market approach aims to measure the
semantic value of a domain name by reference to the monetary transactions
passed. To that end, we have developed a database of more than 1.4 million
transactions passed. This approach allows to give a price value by comparable.
Aim: to measure the digital performance of the organizations
These three approaches of domain names valuation
by historical costs, the market and the loss, combined to the domain name
capital rating are tools that should be at the disposal of the financial
directions so they can better measure the digital performance of their
organizations.
On October 29, 1969 UCLA sends the very first
e-message to Stanford Research Institute through Arpanet network (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) laying the foundation for today’s networked
world.
Arpanet, the Internet’s precursor
Arpanet is the first data transfer network
developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which belonged to the
U.S. Defense Department.
The first Arpanet node was set up at UCLA on
August 30, 1969, the second node, at the Stanford Research Institute, was set
up on October 1st 1969. The first message was sent between the two institutions
on October 29 1969 by the UCLA computer science professor Leonard Kleinrock who
wished to send the word “login” but the system crashed so only two letters,
“l” and “o”, were transmitted, the complete word will only
be transmitted 1 hour later.
Arpanet connected some universities and research
institutes: first, UCLA and Stanford Research Institute, followed by UC Santa
Barbara and the University of Utah. At the end of 1969, Arpanet counted 4
nodes, in 1971, 23 nodes were created and 111 nodes in 1977.
In 1983, Arpanet has been divided in two
networks: one military, the MILnet (Military Network) and the other academic, the
NSFnet.
On January 1st 1983, the name “Internet” already in use to define all
of Arpanet,
became official.
World Wide Web turns 30 years old
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher working
for the CERN, proposed a hypertext system working on the Internet. This system
was originally developed for scientists working in universities and institutes
around the world, so they could instantly share information. His vision of
universal connectivity became the World Wide Web, which sent Internet usage
skyrocketing.
In 1993, Mosaic, the first popular web browser
was created by Marc Andreessen and Eric J.Bina, two students of the National
Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) of the University of Illinois. It
was not the first graphical web browser but Mosaic was particularly fast and
allowed the users to display images inside web pages instead of displaying
images in a separate window, which has given it some popularity and contributed
to increase the World Wide Web’s popularity.
Internet Protocol – From IPv4 to IPv6
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of
communication protocols of IT networks developed to be used on the Internet. IP
protocols allow a unique addressing service for all connected devices.
IPv4 the first major version was invented in
the 70’s and introduced to the public in 1981. It is still the dominant
protocol of the Internet today. Twenty years ago, the IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force) started predicting the depletion of IPv4 addresses and
began working to create a new version of the Internet Protocol: IPv6.
IPv4 uses a 32-bit addressing scheme to support
4.3 billion devices, while IPv6 possesses a much larger address space. Indeed,
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address allowing 3.4 x 1038 possible addresses.
DNS – Domain Name System
At the request of the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Defense Department, the DNS (Domain Name System) was invented in 1983 by Jon Postel and Paul Mockapetris, in order to associate complex IP addresses with humanly understandable and easy-to-remember names. Thus a logical address, the domain name, is associated to a physical address, the IP address. The domain name and IP address are unique.
In 1998, is created ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), the regulatory authority of the Internet. Its main purpose is to allocate the Internet protocol addresses spaces, to attribute the protocol identifier (IP), to manage the domain name system of top level for generic codes (gTLD), to assign the country codes (ccTLD), and to carry out the functions of the root servers’ system management.
With 351.8 million domain names registrations
in the first quarter of 2019, domain names registrations continue to climb, but
with the increase of the number of threats aiming the DNS at the same time.
The emergence of cyber threats
Considered as one of the first cyberattacks and
certainly the first to attract the media’s attention, the Morris Worm was
launched in 1988 by a student of the Cornell University, Robert Tappan Morris.
Originally, the malware developed by the student didn’t have for purpose to
cause damage but simply to estimate the extent of the Internet. However this
worm affected about 60 000 computers estimated connected to the Internet
and the cost of the damages was about 100 000 to 10 million dollars.
This event marks the turning point in the field of online security.
Today, cyberattacks are abundant, frequent and
more and more sophisticated. The evolution of techniques and the arrival of new
technologies make cyberattacks increasingly complex and offer new opportunities
to attackers.
There are various types of cyberattack like attacks aiming the DNS: DDoS, DNS cache poisoning, DNS spoofing, Man in the Middle… (In 2019, according to IDC – International Data Corporation, 82% of companies worldwide have faced a DNS attack over the past year) or attacks directly aiming users and having for purpose to obtain confidential information to steal an identity (phishing).
The consequences for victimized companies can be significant. For example, today the cost of a data breach is 3.92 million dollars on average according to IBM Security, this cost has risen 12% over the past five years.
An IP traffic estimated in 2022 more important than the one generated from 1984 to 2016
With more than 5 billion Google searches made
every day, e-commerce continuing to thrive, social media growing in popularity
and the increasing number of connected objects, the traffic volume on the
Internet has risen considerably.
Indeed, in 1974, daily traffic on the Internet surpassed 3 million packets per day. According to a Cisco’s research in 2017, the global IP traffic reached 122 exabytes per month, the company estimates that this volume should reach 396 exabytes by 2022.
“The size and complexity of the Internet continues to grow in ways that many could not have imagined. Since we first started the VNI Forecast in 2005, traffic has increased 56-fold, amassing a 36% CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) with more people, devices and applications accessing IP networks” said Jonathan Davidson, senior vice president and general manager of Service Provider Business at Cisco.
Today, 50 years after the birth of the Internet’s ancestor, Arpanet, there are more Internet connected devices than people in the world. In 2022, the web users will represent 60% of the world’s population and more than 28 billion devices will connect to the Internet.
The domain name has this unique particularity
to be an intangible asset with four dimensions.
It is simultaneously:
An
IT object allowing to access
services on the Internet by doing the link between the IP address (a suite of
numbers) of a physical object [computer, server, smartphone…] and a literal
name (role of the Domain Name Server or DNS);
A
communication tool allowing to establish
its identity on the Internet and gain a digital territory;
A
legal element through a temporary
contract with an Internet Registry;
A
financial asset, accountable as an intangible
asset under certain conditions.
Today an essential key element to any dematerialized
data flow exchange, the domain name became overtime a strategic intangible
asset of great value regarding associated services (email, websites access).
Accounting principles applicable to domain names
The domain name is not to be considered as a
simple technical tool, but as an intangible asset to write in the balance sheet
of the companies and collectivities, if it allows to generate a lasting source
of profit. In a decision of the French Council of State of December 7th,
2016 (ebay.fr case), the wise persons of the Palais-Royal thus remind that if
the use of a domain name:
Represents
a constant source of profits;
Has
a sufficient sustainability (particularly if it can be regularly renewed);
Is
likely to be transferred;
Then it is an intangible asset of the company
and must follow the associated accounting and tax rules. As such, the domain
names have to be accounted either at their creation cost, or at their
acquisition value, or at their current value (market value) for the ones
acquired free of charge.
The market approach aims to measure the
semantic value of a domain name by reference to the monetary transactions
passed. To that end, Nameshield has developed a database of more than 1.4
million transactions passed (domain name, price, year). This approach allows to
give a price value by comparable.
The strength of a domain names’ valuation method, scientific and practical
Supported by its regular work in the acquisition and/or sale of domain names for its clients’ companies and collectivities, Nameshield is able to propose an approach of monetary valuation of a domain name or a domain names’ portfolio, as part of the best current scientific practice.
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![[New gTLD] Launch of .NEW by Google](https://blog.nameshield.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Sortie-du-.new-Google-1200x743.jpg)
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