Tag: ICANN

Get ready for .web, the domain extension that has been more than thirty years in the making

Launch of dot WEB

On July 22, the registry operator Verisign announced the delegation of .web. The news might almost have gone unnoticed during this sweltering summer, when the domain name industry was focused on the application window for the new ICANN round, which closed on August 12.

This delegation, which heralds the upcoming launch of .web, is a major event in the domain naming industry. Indeed, .web was seen very early on as having universal appeal and the potential to become a true alternative to .com.

Proposed even before ICANN was created, and later at the heart of the new gTLD program launched in 2012, this domain extension will finally hit the market in 2026, after more than ten years of proceedings and nearly thirty years of history.

A look back at an iconic case that profoundly influenced the rules of the latest round of new gTLDs.

A Top-Level Domain conceived even before ICANN

Few readers know that .web did not originate in 2012.

In fact, as early as 1996, the California-based company Image Online Design (IOD) proposed a .web domain on an alternative DNS system that was not integrated into the official DNS root. At that time, one of the Internet’s founding figures, Jon Postel, had already envisioned adding new extensions to the historic ones such as .com, .net, and .org. However, in 2000, when ICANN launched its first true selection process for new gTLDs, the .web extension supported by IOD was not selected bringing the project to an end.

2012: Seven applicants for a single Top-Level Domain

It wasn’t until 2012, when ICANN launched a series of new top-level domains with more open application rules, that proposals to create a .web top-level domain (TLD) resurfaced. While the .app TLD attracted a record 13 applications at the time, the .web TLD generated the most interest with seven applications, as most saw it as a potential alternative to .com.

The record-breaking auction that changed everything

In 2012, when multiple applicants competed for the same TLD, ICANN’s rules first called for a private resolution of the dispute. If no agreement could be reached, a last-resort auction would be held to decide between the applicants. For the .web extension, no agreement was reached, and the auction held on July 27 and 28, 2016, resulted in a victory for Nu Dot Co, which won the bid for $135 million—an amount that was unprecedented at the time for a new gTLD.

A few days later, Verisign confirmed that it had financed Nu Dot Co’s bid as part of an agreement stipulating that the registry contract could subsequently be transferred to it, subject to ICANN’s approval. This announcement marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of .web: several bidders challenged the process, while ICANN initiated the various review and resolution steps that would ultimately delay the launch of the domain extension.

Why did the launch take ten years?

One might assume that the launch of .web was subsequently delayed by technical difficulties. That was not the case. Following the 2016 auction, the process continued through a series of appeals, Independent Review Processes, and successive reviews by ICANN, focusing in particular on the terms of the transaction, the financing of Nu Dot Co’s bid, and the competitive issues related to the operation of the .web domain. Several decisions and reviews by the ICANN Board followed one after another before the matter could finally move forward.

2026: The launch at last

Finally delegated to the root zone in July 2026, the .web domain is now entering its launch phase, with a Sunrise period coming up, followed by a priority access period, and then its general availability on a date yet to be officially announced soon. Verisign is carefully preparing for this launch by drawing on the experience of its .com and .net infrastructure, which has been proven over decades.

One question remains—more commercial than technical: Is the context in 2026 favorable for such a launch? Since the launch of the first wave of new gTLDs, the domain naming landscape has changed significantly. More than a thousand new extensions have emerged, some of which have managed to establish themselves long-term—such as .xyz, .shop, and .online—while others are set to arrive next year as part of the 2026 round. As a result, .web now benefits from a much more mature market and evolving registration habits. Is it too late to shake up the market? It’s undoubtedly too early to say. But one thing is certain: after thirty years of waiting, .web finally has everything it needs to write its own story.

As the next round of new gTLDs enters the application review phase, the launch of .web symbolically brings to a close the cycle that began in 2012. After more than a decade of proceedings, the industry will finally be able to gauge the true potential of this domain extension, which has long been touted as the only one capable of rivaling .com. At the same time, the lessons learned from this process—which served as a true test case for ICANN—have shaped the rules of the new program, with the goal of making future launches faster, more transparent, and less contentious.

Stay tuned for our upcoming announcements to know the dates and terms of the .web launch. Your account managers are here to assist you.

dot WEB - key dates

The launch date for the next round of new generic extensions (.BRAND) has been announced, it will be April 30, 2026

The launch date for the next round of new generic extensions has been announced, it will be April 30, 2026

Among the unresolved questions surrounding the new application window for new generic extensions, many of us have been wondering when ICANN, the Internet’s governing body, would provide a specific date for the first day of submission of future applications.

The announcement was made public in an article published on the ICANN blog by Kurtis Linqvist, President and CEO of ICANN. He has stated that 2025 has been a year of significant progress in implementing the new generic extension program, moving toward the goal of opening a new application window, 14 years after the last one. One of the decisive steps was the publication of the applicant guide on December 16, 2025. It should be noted that the applicant guide, a reference document for future applications, was approved by the ICANN Board of Directors at the most recent public session of the ICANN84 summit in Dublin.

Kurtis Linqvist also states that efforts are now focused on the final stage of implementing the program: “We are now committed to opening the cycle on April 30, 2026.” The period for submitting complete applications will therefore begin on Thursday, April 30, and will last for 12 to 15 weeks, possibly until July or even early August. After that date, it will be too late to apply. Those who are undecided or late will have to wait for another opportunity, which could very well arise again in 14 years—who knows?

Among other notable events, at the end of 2025, the application period for candidates to apply to the Applicant Support Program ended on 19 December. This program aims to reduce economic and technical barriers to entry in order to broaden overall participation and diversity among candidates for new domain name extensions. Data provided by ICANN indicate that 75 applications were received from ICANN’s five regions:

  • 10 applications from Africa,
  • 38 from the Asia-Pacific region,
  • 1 from Latin America and the Caribbean,
  • 6 from Europe,
  • 20 from North America.

In 2012, this then new program had only received three applications. These initial indicators show that the Asia-Pacific region, which is currently the most dynamic in the domain name market, also appears to be very interested in the next series of new domain name extensions. In 2012, the 1,930 total applications submitted during the application window were distributed as follows:

  • North America: 911 applications,
  • Europe: 675 applications,
  • Asia-Pacific: 303 applications,
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: 24 applications,
  • Africa: 17 applications.

It is also estimated that around 34% of these applications were for brand extensions, or the “Brand TLDs”.

What will happen in 2026?  The answers will come next fall during ICANN’s “Reveal Day” and “String Confirmation Day”.

ICANN82: Stability, security and unity in opposition to current upheavals

The 2025 season of ICANN meetings on Internet governance kicked off in March in the Emerald City of Seattle in the United States of America. 2025, a year of ‘exceptional times’, as Tripti Sinha, the Chair of the Board of Directors, described it. At a time when the world is being turned upside down by geopolitical and technological developments such as AI and quantum computing, ICANN wants above all to look at ‘what can be controlled’ and at opportunities, with the preparation of the next series of new generic extensions and the fresh look of its President Kurt Erik ‘Kurtis’ Lindqvist, who took up his position 91 days before ICANN82.

The right time for an examination of conscience

On the occasion of his first summit as current ICANN President, Kurt Erik Lindqvist said he had been well received by the community. He hopes that the identification of problems will be anticipated in order to make ICANN’s processes more fluid and the organisation’s approach to become more agile. For the next series of new generic extensions, which is a crucial issue for the organisation, he stated that everything necessary is being done ‘to keep to the timetable’.

On the subject of financial sustainability, another central issue, Tripti Sinha recalled that ICANN was completing its 2026-2030 strategic plan to anticipate future needs. A plan that should promote a multi-stakeholder and inclusive approach, continue the culture of continuous improvement, focus attention with stakeholders on emerging technologies and strengthen the security and stability of the Internet. On a more serious note, she pointed out that we are in a world that has become ‘unpredictable’. She said that in ‘extraordinary times’, ‘the human spirit seeks stability, security and unity that are embodied in ICANN’s mission statements’ and that ‘ICANN must remain a reliable and stable institution.’

Kurt Erik Lindqvist now acting as CEO of ICANN

The opening ceremony was followed by a session led by Sally Costerton, who is now the President’s advisor on community engagement. She led a session on community feedback on the operation of the annual meetings organised by ICANN. While 1,828 people were registered for ICANN82 when it was launched, participants learned that the costs of the summits have increased by 31% between 2018 and 2024, currently representing a budget of USD 2.3 million per meeting. Various options were discussed, such as charging for attendance at summits or, more likely, reducing the number of face-to-face meetings or their duration.

The next series of new generic extensions is becoming clearer and clearer

While up until now we have heard talk of April 2026 as the opening date for submitting applications for new top level domains, the date of 25 April is now considered to be D Day. The cost of the next round is also known, with the application fee set at USD 227,000, as announced in former articles. This amount is based on a projection of 1,000 applications, which would enable a financial break-even point to be reached. The applicant support programme, which aims to support less favoured geographical areas, is also on track and is already accepting applications. At ICANN82 we learned that 13 applications had been initiated in the programme. On the other hand, the implementation of all the recommendations of the Subpro policy development process is still in progress. The current focus of work in progress includes the formulation of the new Registry agreement to be signed by future registry operators and the long awaited Applicant Guidebook.

Thirteen years after the previous series of new generic extensions, a session was also devoted to the ICANN Grant programme. The aim of this programme is to redistribute, through financial support, part of the reserve fund resulting from the auctions linked to multiple applications at the previous round. The auctions generated a reserve fund of 240 million dollars. For the 2024 cycle, an endowment of $10 million was earmarked for projects that had to meet a number of criteria. The programme was a victim of its own success, with 247 applications received from 64 countries for a total funding that would have amounted to 83 million US dollars.

ICANN policies under the shadow of cyber security legislations and new technologies

While the EU Member States are in the process of transposing the NIS2 cyber security directive into their national legislation, and in the United States the final arbitrations are underway for the latest version of the CIRCIA (Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act), a number of related issues continue to be discussed at ICANN. One of these is access to domain name registration data for legitimate purposes. At the instigation of the GAC (Governmental Advisory Committee), which represents governments, ways of authenticating law enforcement requestors are being considered to enable them to be specifically identified so that they can be prioritised when requests for access to data are made. This future mechanism is intended above all to respond to specific cases of imminent threats linked to the exploitation of children, attacks on the integrity of individuals or critical infrastructures.

On the subject of malicious use of the DNS, almost a year after the implementation of binding measures for registry operators and registrars, ICANN’s compliance department has stated that 46 investigations are currently underway into abuse of the DNS, with mitigation measures affecting more than 5,400 domain names.

Another trend observed: the median time taken to fully remediate an abuse report is 7.5 days in the case of phishing and malware. This has fallen since the ICANN measures were introduced. Another shadow hanging over ICANN82 was the change of administration in the United States. Although it has had no impact on ICANN so far, the unpredictability of the new administration has raised a lot of questions among participants.

AI was also discussed in a specific session. As it was exposed AI technology, like Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde, can bring benefits when used as a resource, for example to mitigate abuse, but can also be used for malicious purposes by perpetrating increasingly sophisticated abuses. The subject of a governance framework was raised. This is a subject on which the Internet Governance Forum and the WSIS+20 global forum organised by the International Telecommunication Union and the United Nations should be working.

In conclusion, ICANN82 was marked by the curiosity aroused by the arrival on the scene of its new CEO, whose public forum at the end of the summit showed that everything he said was scrutinised and analysed. ICANN82 was a summit that did not shy away from the highly unstable technological, legislative and geopolitical context in which we find ourselves. In the face of this instability, we can offer solutions that provide security, reliability and stability. Just as we tend to say that real estate is a solid investment, the acquisition of a brand extension, a dot brand, with a view to the next round next year is also a solid investment. It allows you to become the owner of a piece of the Internet, a naming space protected from attacks, where addresses can be created that are deemed reliable, so that your targets can find you and that you can address them in complete confidence over the long term. These are times that also call for consideration of the notions of sovereignty and proximity. In this respect, Nameshield has been an independent European player for over 30 years, and the management of .brand projects is one of our areas of expertise.

Image source : Veronika Andrews via Pixabay

ICANN81: A summit at a crossroads between challenges and difficulties 

ICANN81: A summit at a crossroads between challenges and difficulties 

Thursday 14 November saw the close of the 81st ICANN Summit, the Internet’s governing body. The summit took place on the banks of the Bosphorus between Asia and Europe, in Istanbul, Turkey. This summit is the last meeting of the global Internet community for the year 2024 before turning to 2025.

Tripti Sinha, who has just been reappointed Chair of the ICANN Board of Directors, opened her remarks at the Opening Ceremony of the 81st ICANN Summit with the observation: ‘The past year (editor’s note: 2024) has been a complicated for ICANN’.

ICANN, an organisation challenged on several fronts

Tensions between Russia, China and the West have never been so high. A geopolitical context that is putting the multipartite model of a globalised Internet under pressure, as ICANN is an organisation governed by American law, even if it claims to be apolitical. The conflict in the Middle East is never far away either. In particular, it has resurfaced at previous ICANN summits this year. Challenged about its role and legitimacy, ICANN is also faced with the change of presidency in the White House with a second term for Donald Trump, which gave rise to some unusual questions at the public forum that closed the summit. One participant referred to the unpredictability of the future President of the United States, which ‘increases the risk of conflict’, going so far as to wonder whether ‘ICANN can take control of American military systems’. While the answer to this question is, of course, no, Tripti Sinha has also raised the issue of ICANN’s liability, with legal action being taken against ICANN, and financial challenges, speaking of ‘financial difficulties’. ICANN’s operating costs have risen significantly in recent years, partly as a result of inflation. Inflation has led to significant increases in domain name prices, which in turn have led to a downturn in the market. ICANN, which derives part of its resources from domain names in return for a tax on each generic domain name, has also been affected.

A transition of presidency at the head of the organisation

Erik Lindqvist, the new President of ICANN, will officially take office on 9 December 2024.
Erik Lindqvist, the new President of ICANN, will officially take office on 9 December 2024.

At the opening of the summit, Erik Lindqvist, the future President of ICANN, gave a short speech to introduce himself and talk about his career. He will officially take up his new post on 9 December, taking over from Sally Costerton, who was applauded for her successful interim role.

Among the tasks expected of the new President, who will be based in Geneva, Switzerland, is a review of the organisation’s financial situation. Avenues for savings and new sources of funding were discussed, and a number of clear-cut opinions emerged. For example, should attendance at summits be made fee-paying, or should the venues chosen for these international meetings be rationalised to generate savings? The interaction of the new President with the various bodies is also expected and acclaimed. Defending the multi-stakeholder governance model in the current difficult context and ICANN’s ethical policies are two other important issues raised by the contracting parties.

New series of new generic extensions confirmed for 2026

Among the difficulties, ICANN must also succeed with the new series of new generic extensions. First of all, this means meeting the April 2026 deadline for the application window, a date that has been hammered home for several summits. Reassuringly, the recommendations of the Subsequent Procedures (Subpro) policy development process are being implemented at a good pace. The future application guide is on schedule, with a final version due to be delivered within a year. The future registry contract for new registry operators is also being considered. Unlike the candidates for the 2012 round, this new contract should be a single document covering all types of TLDs: open, community, brand and internationalised (editor’s note: in native language). It will include fourteen specifications, compared with the current thirteen, with the fourteenth covering TLD variants for multilingual TLDs.

Other issues on which ICANN reached a decision, there should be no private auctions to decide between candidates for the same TLD in 2026. Like a symbol or perhaps a marker, at the very end of the summit, the ICANN Board adopted the applicant support program for future applicants, a program that will involve a communications campaign in disadvantaged geographical areas at the beginning of 2025.

Capitalising on experience feedback

A number of issues recently initiated by ICANN are currently being evaluated. These include abuse of the domain name system. In April 2024, specific obligations came into force to compel registries and registrars to take action in the event of clear abuse. ICANN81 provided an opportunity to take stock of these measures after an initial six-month implementation phase. ICANN Compliance reports that it has initiated 363 complaints, often involving several domain names. Unsurprisingly, the most common abuses involved phishing campaigns.

Another element being tested is the Registration Data Request Service (RDRS). This is a prototype designed to gauge interest in a standardised platform for submitting and processing requests for access to domain name registration data for legitimate purposes. Over the course of a year, the RDRS collected requests for 13,000 names, a volume that remains low compared to the 170 million generic names. A related issue is the depreciation of the Whois protocol for domain name registration databases. This protocol, which has been in use since the 1980s, is due to give way to the RDAP protocol for generic domain names at the end of January 2025. ICANN Org has pointed out, however, that this new protocol is very rarely correctly deployed at this stage.

The tense international context was largely reflected at this summit on an organisation that will be starting 2025 with a new president at its head and a change of administration in the White House. ICANN has made no secret of the fact that it is facing a number of difficulties. The success of the next series of new gTLDs, a series that will have taken fourteen years to complete between 2012 and 2026, will be decisive in helping the organisation to emerge from this turbulent period. The stakes are high, firstly because ICANN is committed to holding this series in April 2026. A postponement of the date would further damage its credibility.

This series is also important given the investment required to prepare and hold it. The significantly higher application fees than in 2012, with a base amount of USD 227,000, may act as a brake. Investors, for their part, may not appreciate the abolition of private auctions to decide between applicants for the same TLD, with ICANN seeking, on the contrary, to curb speculation.  Nameshield, for its part, is convinced of the merits of this new round and, in particular, of dot brand extensions, the benefits of which will more than offset the investment required if applicants are properly accompanied. Nameshield is ready to help future project owners by providing them with a complete solution for their entire project cycle. If you have an Internet extension project, contact our experts who will be delighted to support you.

Image source : ICANN’s website

ICANN80: Rwanda joins the small circle of sub-Saharan states to have hosted ICANN

ICANN80: Rwanda joins the small circle of sub-Saharan states to have hosted ICANN

Following on from Paris, which hosted the ICANN Contracted Parties Summit last May, the Rwandan capital has just hosted its first ICANN Summit devoted to Internet governance policy issues. Here’s a look back at what we learned from the event.

ICANN has found its new face

ICANN80 kicked off with the official appointment of Kurt Erik “Kurtis” Lindqvist as the future President and CEO of the organization. The 49-year-old Finn will officially succeed his predecessor Goran Marby, of Swedish origin, who resigned at the end of 2022. Sally Costerton’s interim appointment will therefore end on December 4, 2024, with Mr. Lindqvist officially taking office on December 5, 2024. Mr. Lindqvist has been CEO of the London Internet Exchange (LINX) since 2019. His appointment is the culmination of a long process that began with the creation of a search committee for a CEO. Initially, some 100 candidates representing over 20 countries in North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australasia were identified. After further evaluation, the list was whittled down to seven people (three women and four men) who were interviewed by the CEO’s selection committee. The selection process ended with the ICANN Board unanimously approving the choice of Mr. Lindqvist at a session held just before ICANN80. A first, the new CEO will be based in Geneva in Switzerland.

Spotlight on the Internet in Africa

You have to go back to June 2017 to find a city in sub-Saharan Africa hosting ICANN. Johannesburg, South Africa’s most populous city, hosted ICANN59. In June 2024, ICANN finally returned to Africa, with Rwanda as host country. A very good thing, given that Africa is still largely under-resourced when it comes to Internet access. The International Telecommunication Union estimated that by the end of 2021, 14.3% of African households had access to the Internet, compared with 57.4% worldwide. Fixed Internet connection is also more expensive than in other regions of the world in proportion to income. It represents 18.6% of gross national income (GNI) per capita, compared with a global average of 2.8%. The GAC, the body representing governments at ICANN, took advantage of the event in Kigali to organize a “High Level” governmental meeting. This brought together 50 countries with four sessions on the multi-stakeholder model, cooperation and governance, digital inclusion and support for connectivity. These issues are also at the heart of the United Nations’ Global Digital Compact, which calls for a more inclusive and equitable Internet. The African At-Large Regional Organization (AFRALO), one of the five At-Large regional organizations within ICANN (At-Large represents end-users), kicked off ICANN80 week with a round-table discussion on improving Internet infrastructure in Africa. For its part, ICANN Org recalled during the week’s Summit that in 2022 and 2023 two root servers have been made operational in Nairobi, Kenya and Cairo, Egypt. Most DNS root queries based on Africa therefore are now resolved in Africa. For example, the root server in Nairobi, Kenya, handles 40% of all DNS root requests for the continent. Prior to its installation, 35% to 40% of DNS query traffic traveled outside Africa for resolution. The two installations also increase the resilience of the global root server system for Internet users on the continent, and help to cope with the exponential increase in traffic expected on the continent over the next few years.

The promise of the next round of new generic extensions : an estimate of application fees finally made public

No fewer than eight sessions held on the first day of the summit addressed the future series of new generic extensions. ICANN Org pointed out that this program is designed to make the Internet more inclusive, relying in particular on the success of Internet extensions in users’ own languages – the so called internationalized extensions or IDNs. To date, there are 91 internationalized extensions among the 1172 generic extensions, a relatively low proportion. In country-code Top Level Domains (ccTLDs), the proportion of internationalized extensions is almost three times bigger, representing nearly 20% of the total. ICANN Org promotes this new series by pointing out the opportunity to create new generic extensions in native languages. For its part, the GAC is pushing for greater support for less-favored geographical areas. The intention is to make the new program more accessible to these areas with financial and operational support. ICANN Org has considered an amount of 2 million USD for this item, whereas the GAC estimates that the needs are more in the region of 10-16 million USD. The GAC has indicated that it hopes to be able to support at least 45 applications. 

These considerations obviously have to be set against the costs of a future application for a new gTLD project. On this much-anticipated point, ICANN Org has presented projections based on the number of applications received. While in 2012 there were 1,930 applications leading to some 1,240 delegated extensions, some of which have since been abandoned, we don’t know how successful the next round, which opens in April 2026, will be.

To recover its costs, ICANN Org estimates that the application fee should be 293,000 USD for 500 applications, 242,000 USD for 1,000 applications and 208,000 USD for 2,000 applications. In 2012, the application fee was 185,000 USD. It should also be noted that the median value of application fees submitted is around 259,000 USD.

A partial reimbursement of costs is considered if the costs retained prove to have been overestimated in view of a higher-than-estimated volume of applications. The question has been raised of how to reduce these fees, which means cutting budgets. ICANN Org has indicated that 13 million USD will be allocated to this program over 2025, for example, in staffing costs. As ICANN already has an operating budget that covers its payroll costs, question has been raised if these expenses are not covered twice (by the operational budget and the new gTLD program budget).

DNS abuse: first lessons from the contract amendments

ICANN80 was also an opportunity to take stock of the implementation of contractual amendments by registries and registrars to include remediation obligations for obvious DNS abuses such as phishing, malware or pharming practices. These measures came into force on April 5. ICANN’s Compliance Department reported that it had received 1,558 abuse-related complaints. 1,382 were invalid, either because they were not sufficiently substantiated or documented, or because they fell outside the organization’s scope of action. Some of them concerned ccTLDs (country code Top Level Domains) where ICANN has no jurisdiction. ICANN also reiterated that obvious abuses must first be reported to the registry operators and registrars who manage the concerned domain names.

ICANN80 remained above all a working summit with few announcements even if the new face of the organization was made official, information that nevertheless had been leaked a few days earlier. The appointment of « Kurtis » Lindqvist should not overshadow the fact that Sally Costerton has been acting as interim president of the organization for almost a year and a half now, and that during this time her determination has undoubtedly ensured that some topics move significantly forward, in particular the next series of new generic extensions which is now well underway. Work on implementing the policies and the future bidding applicant guide is progressing, and the bidding window envisaged for April – June 2026 now seems attainable. The range of application fees announced remains imprecise, ranging from 208,000 to 293,000 USD, depending on the volume of applications expected. While internationalized extensions were in the spotlight, it is above all geographical extensions and trademark extensions, the so called dot brands that are the most relevant. They will be an ally in the service of the security, performance and reputation of their owners. A genuine asset in an increasingly complex regulatory and legislative environment where cyber attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated.  To make a success of your future extension project and benefit from optimized solutions for your online assets, the key is to be well accompanied.

Image source : ICANN‘s website